We consider some basic principles of parallel computing, such as speed-up, scaled speed-up, Amdahl's law, data locality, load balancing, and synchromization. We study the structure and performance properties of modern processors, with special attention on their memory hierarchies. We describe a type of memory benchmark that can be used to expose performance feature of the memory hierarchy, and look at some examples from specific machines.
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- What is Amdahl's Law?
- What does scaled speed-up imply for the selection of the number of processors for an application?
- What are physics limits to scalability?
- Why do we have memory hierarchies?
- What type of parallelism can be found on a uniprocessor?
- How can it be exploited for performance?
- What is pipelining?
- What are the limits to instruction level parallelism?
- How does the memory hierarchy (cache) influence performance?
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